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Summary: in this tutorial, we will show you how to use the MySQL CREATE TABLE
statement to create a new table in the database.
MySQL CREATE TABLE
syntax
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The CREATE TABLE
statement allows you to create a new table in a database.
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The following illustrates the basic syntax of the CREATE TABLE
statement:
Let’s examine the syntax in greater detail.
First, you specify the name of the table that you want to create after the CREATE TABLE
keywords. The table name must be unique within a database. The IF NOT EXISTS
is optional. It allows you to check if the table that you create already exists in the database. If this is the case, MySQL will ignore the whole statement and will not create any new table.
Second, you specify a list of columns of the table in the column_list
section, columns are separated by commas.
Third, you can optionally specify the storage engine for the table in the ENGINE
clause. You can use any storage engine such as InnoDB and MyISAM. If you don’t explicitly declare a storage engine, MySQL will use InnoDB by default.
InnoDB became the default storage engine since MySQL version 5.5. The InnoDB storage engine brings many benefits of a relational database management system such as ACID transaction, referential integrity, and crash recovery. In the previous versions, MySQL used MyISAM as the default storage engine.
The following shows the syntax for a column’s definition:
Here are the details:
- The
column_name
specifies the name of the column. Each column has a specific data type and optional size e.g.,VARCHAR(255)
- The
NOT NULL
constraint ensures that the column will not containNULL
. Besides theNOT NULL
constraint, a column may have additional constraint such as CHECK, and UNIQUE. - The
DEFAULT
specifies a default value for the column. - The
AUTO_INCREMENT
indicates that the value of the column is incremented by one automatically whenever a new row is inserted into the table. Each table has a maximum oneAUTO_INCREMENT
column.
After the column list, you can define table constraints such as UNIQUE, CHECK, PRIMARY KEY and FOREIGN KEY.
For example, if you want to set a column or a group of columns as the primary key, you use the following syntax:
MySQL CREATE TABLE
statement examples
Let’s take some examples of creating new tables.
1) MySQL CREATE TABLE
simple example
The following statement creates a new table named tasks
:
The tasks table has the following columns:
- The
task_id
is an auto-increment column. If you use theINSERT
statement to insert a new row into the table without specifying a value for thetask_id
column, MySQL will automatically generate a sequential integer for thetask_id
starting from 1. - The
title
column is a variable character string column whose maximum length is 255. It means that you cannot insert a string whose length is greater than 255 into this column. TheNOT NULL
constraint indicates that the column does not acceptNULL
. In other words, you have to provide a non-NULL value when you insert or update this column. - The
start_date
anddue_date
areDATE
columns. Because these columns do not have theNOT NULL
constraint, they can storeNULL
. The start_date column has a default value of the current date. In other words, if you don’t provide a value for the start_date column when you insert a new row, the start_date column will take the current date of the database server. - The
status
andpriority
are theTINYINT
columns which do not allowNULL
. - The
description
column is aTEXT
column that acceptsNULL
. - The
created_at
is aTIMESTAMP
column that accepts the current time as the default value.
The task_id
is the primary key column of the tasks
table. It means that the values in the task_id
column will uniquely identify rows in the table.
Once you execute the CREATE TABLE
statement to create the tasks
table, you can view its structure by using the DESCRIBE
statement:
This picture shows the database diagram of the tasks
table:
2) MySQL CREATE TABLE
with a foreign key primary key example
Suppose each task has a checklist or to-do list. To store checklists of tasks, you can create a new table named checklists
as follows:
The table checklists
has a primary key that consists of two columns. Therefore, we used a table constraint to define the primary key:
In addition, the task_id
is the foreign key column that references to the task_id
column of the table tasks
, we used a foreign key constraint to establish this relationship:
You will learn more about the foreign key constraint in the subsequent tutorial.
This picture illustrates the checklists
table and its relationship with the tasks
table:
In this tutorial, you have learned how to use MySQL CREATE TABLE
statement to create a new table in the database.
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